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Pathogenic microorganisms found in blood, saliva, and dental plaque can contaminate the hands of the people who work in the field of dentistry. These microorganisms can contaminate instruments, dental appliances and surfaces of other equipment in the practice room. Preventive action includes all actions necessary to protect dentists, employees, and patients from the spread of infectious disease through dental treatment. Procedure infection prevention measures should be directed towards all patients and dental care to all of the action. All instruments used in the oral cavity should be sterilized. All surfaces and tools are touched by hands contaminated saliva or blood that can not be sterilized must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected with effective materials, with alternative ingredients just covered with waterproof cover.
Contamination of the oral cavity and open sores can be spread by air, water, dust, aerosols, splashes or droplets, respiratory tract secretions, plaque, calculus, dental filling materials and debris. Pathogenic oral flora of patients can be transmitted to the tissue or organ (autogenous infection) such as heart valves, artificial joints and surrounding soft tissue, and bone.
Common route of transmission of microorganisms in dental practice can occur through the following ways:
- Direct contact with infectious lesions, saliva and blood of infected
- Indirect contact through an intermediary transfer of microorganisms from contaminated objects
- Sprays of blood, saliva or secretions from the nasopharynx directly on the skin or mucosal abrasions or intact
- Aerosols, airborne spread of microorganisms.
The possibility of the spread of infection in dental practice can be through:
- Of patients to dentists, dental nurses, dental tehniker.
- From patients to other patients
Transmission can occur through contaminated dental instruments such as syringes, burs, sonde, etc.
- From dentist to patient
Infection control in general
Your dentist may not be sure that the patients coming for dental care is a carrier or not infective microorganisms, therefore all patients who come to be considered a carrier of pathogenic microorganisms. All clinical procedures were performed in all patients should be performed using a common infection control.
Many sources of infection transmission in dental practice among other hand, saliva, respiratory secretions, blood, clothes, and hair, as well as dental instruments and other equipment should really be considered to reduce the risk of infection.
Contamination of the oral cavity and open wounds can be caused by air, water, dust, aerosols, splashes, respiratory tract secretions, plaque, tartar, tooth tumpatan materials and debris. Pathogenic oral flora of patients who can enter into other tissues or organs.
Infection by air
Microorganism are transmitted through the air contained in the aerosol inhaled and therefore can cause influenza illness, commond cold, and tuberculosis. In the event of aerosols for example by high-speed instruments, sparks formed with different sizes. Sprinkling diameter larger than 100 nanometers are called splatter will quickly fall by gravity, being a spark is common measuring less than 100 nanometers in diameter. This small spark quickly evaporate and remain in the air for several hours as droplet nuclei containing the secretion of saliva or serum were dried and microorganisms.
The main line of the transmission of infectious diseases in the field of dentistry is through the skin or mucosa injured by sharp objects or needles, including here is the spread of hepatitis B from a patient to a dentist and a proven otherwise.
Transmission of disease through the eyes:
During treating patients, large particles of debris and saliva can be ejected at the dentist's face. These particles can contain high concentrations of bacteria and can physically injure the eye. For these goggles should be worn, not only to prevent injury, but also to prevent the occurrence of infections, therefore the eyes can be a port d'entree for entry of microorganisms into the body.
Abnormalities in the mouth that are on the case consists of several types of abnormalities in the following analysis.
Cutix orificialis
Diagnosis is made based on the clinical picture of the patients in both corners of the mouth are surrounded fissures widespread erythematous areas, prominent, and granular, it is in accordance with the clinical symptoms of this disease is a disease that is usually on the lips or mouth-shaped fringe shallow ulcer granulation (different from lesions due to anemia), which is derived from a small tubercle-tubercle rupture, the presence of pain and erythematous area.
The presence of anemia manifestations in the oral cavity
It is marked with a picture of a pale oral mucosa, both on the cheek, gingiva, and palate. Pale mucous is a result of a decrease in iron levels in the blood that can lead to reduced red blood cell distribution including into the oral cavity.
Gingivitis tuberculosis
Diagnosis is made based on clinical features found in the oral cavity of patients, the presence of inflammation of the gingiva and oral hiegine supported by poor patients who also lead to gingivitis. Tuberculosis usually appear diffuse gingivitis, hyperemia, nodular or papillary proliferation of gingival mucosa
Glossitis tuberculosis
Diagnosis of the disease is well established based on the clinical picture of the patient's oral cavity which in the case stated that the patient's tongue smooth, pale, enlarged (makroglossia), as well as experiencing atrophy of the papillae on the tongue due to accumulation of bacilli which worsened with anemia conditions.
Tlcerative lesions
In the case mentioned that part of the right lateral tongue contrary to the teeth 46 are ulcers with a diameter of 4 mm, yellowish surface and sore it is in accordance with the clinical characteristics of the lesions ulseraif usually sick, grayish yellow, hard, and well defined. The occurrence of ulcerative lesions on the patient's tongue may occur due to two possibilities, first, as a result of trauma, for example as a result of tooth 46 which has a sharp cusp or already live radix. Second, ulcers can occur as a manifestation of tuberculosis disease suffered by patients where TB bacterium is carried through the bloodstream and accumulate in the sub-mucosa, causing mucosal ulceration of the oral cavity. In addition, TB bacteria can also be carried by saliva containing sputum to the mucosal surface of the mouth that does not intact or injured
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